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==Events== * 927 – King Constantine II of Scotland, King Hywel Dda of Deheubarth, Ealdred of Bamburgh and King Owain of Strathclyde accepted the overlordship of King Æthelstan of England, leading to seven years of peace in the north. *1191 – Third Crusade: Saladin's garrison surrenders to Philip Augustus, ending the two-year siege of Acre. *1470 – The Ottomans capture Euboea. *1493 – Hartmann Schedel's ''Nuremberg Chronicle'', one of the best-documented early printed books, is published. *1527 – Lê Cung Hoàng ceded the throne to Mạc Đăng Dung, ending the Lê dynasty and starting the Mạc dynasty. *1543 – King Henry VIII of England marries his sixth and last wife, Catherine Parr, at Hampton Court Palace. *1561 – Saint Basil's Cathedral in Moscow is consecrated. *1562 – Fray Diego de Landa, acting Bishop of Yucatán, burns the sacred books of the Maya. *1580 – The Ostrog Bible, one of the early printed Bibles in a Slavic language, is published. *1690 – Battle of the Boyne (Gregorian calendar): The armies of William III defeat those of the former James II. *1691 – Battle of Aughrim (Julian calendar): The decisive victory of William III of England's forces in Ireland. *1776 – Captain James Cook begins his third voyage. *1789 – French revolutionary and radical journalist Camille Desmoulins gave a speech in response to the dismissal of Jacques Necker France's finance minister the day before. The speech calls the citizens to arms and leads to the Storming of the Bastille two days later. *1790 – The Civil Constitution of the Clergy is passed in France by the National Constituent Assembly. *1799 – Ranjit Singh conquers Lahore and becomes Maharaja of the Punjab (Sikh Empire). *1801 – French Revolutionary Wars: British Royal Navy ships inflict heavy damage against Spanish and French ships in the Second Battle of Algeciras. *1804 – Former United States Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton dies a day after being shot in a duel. *1806 – Sixteen German imperial states leave the Holy Roman Empire and form the Confederation of the Rhine. * 1806 – Liechtenstein is given full sovereignty after its accession to the Confederation of the Rhine. *1812 – War of 1812: The United States invades Canada at Windsor, Ontario. *1862 – The Medal of Honor is authorized by the United States Congress. *1879 – The National Guards Unit of Bulgaria is founded. *1913 – Second Balkan War: Serbian forces begin their siege of the Bulgarian city of Vidin; the siege is later called off when the war ends. *1917 – The Bisbee Deportation occurs as vigilantes kidnap and deport nearly 1,300 striking miners and others from Bisbee, Arizona. *1918 – The Imperial Japanese Navy battleship ''Kawachi'' blows up at Shunan, western Honshu, Japan, killing at least 621. *1920 – The Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty is signed. Soviet Russia recognizes independent Lithuania. *1932 – Hedley Verity takes a cricket world record ten wickets for ten runs in a county match for Yorkshire. *1943 – World War II: Battle of Prokhorovka: German and Soviet forces engage in one of the largest tank engagements of all time. *1948 – Arab–Israeli War: Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion orders the expulsion of Palestinians from the towns of Lod and Ramla. *1960 – Orlyonok, the main Young Pioneer camp of the Russian SFSR, is founded. *1961 – Pune floods due to failure of the Khadakwasla and Panshet dams. Half of Pune is submerged, more than 100,000 families need to be relocated and the death toll exceeds 2,000. *1962 – The Rolling Stones perform their first concert, at the Marquee Club in London, England, United Kingdom. *1963 – Pauline Reade, who was 16 years old, disappears on her way to a dance at the British Railways Club in Gorton, England, the first victim in the Moors murders. *1967 – The Newark riots begin in Newark, New Jersey. *1970 – A fire consumes the wooden home of Norwegian composer Geirr Tveitt and irretrievably destroys about 90 percent of his output. *1971 – The Australian Aboriginal Flag is flown for the first time. *1973 – A fire destroys the entire sixth floor of the National Personnel Records Center of the United States. *1975 – São Tomé and Príncipe declare independence from Portugal. *1979 – The island nation of Kiribati becomes independent from United Kingdom. *1989 – Lotte World Adventure opened in Seoul, South Korea. *2006 – Hezbollah initiates Operation True Promise. *2007 – U.S. Army Apache helicopters perform airstrikes in Baghdad, Iraq; footage from the cockpit is later leaked to the Internet. *2012 – The Turaymisah massacre kills 250 people during a Syrian military operation in a village within the Hama Governorate. * 2012 – A tank truck explosion kills more than 100 people in Okobie, Nigeria. *2013 – 6 people are killed and 200 injured in a passenger train derailment in Brétigny-sur-Orge, France. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「July 12」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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